The law
Companies Act 2013, Sec 61(1)(a)
A limited company with share capital may increase its authorised capital in general meeting, if its articles allowSource
Companies Act 2013, Sec 64(1)
Notice of the increase, with the altered memorandum, to be filed with the Registrar within 30 daysSource
Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules 2014, Rule 15
The notice is filed in Form SH-7 with the feeSource
Companies Act 2013, Sec 64(2)
Default: ₹500 a day, up to ₹5 lakh for the company and ₹1 lakh for each officer in default (from 21 Dec 2020)Source
Companies Act 2013, Sec 117
Any special resolution (for example to alter the articles) is filed in MGT-14 within 30 daysSource
Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules 2014, Rule 10A
Share capital alterations are examined by the Central Processing Centre, which decides within 30 daysSource
Government fee
ROC fee is the difference between the registration fee on the new authorised capital and on the existing authorised capital, at rates in force on the filing date (source: https://vasai.icai.org/resources/Utilities/Penalty_for_Late_Filing_in_ROC/Penalty_for_Late_Filing_in_ROC.aspx). Registration fee scale used (Table of Fees): up to ₹1 lakh: ₹5,000; ₹1 lakh to ₹5 lakh: ₹400 per ₹10,000 extra; ₹5 lakh to ₹50 lakh: ₹300 per ₹10,000; ₹50 lakh to ₹1 crore: ₹100 per ₹10,000; above ₹1 crore: ₹75 per ₹10,000; overall cap ₹2.5 crore (source: https://www.corplawupdates.in/tools/fee-calculator/companies/sh-7 and https://ca2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/tableoffee_01042014.pdf). State stamp duty on the increase is collected with SH-7 and varies by state (see verify_on_portal).
Late fee or penalty
Delay in SH-7 for increase in capital: 2.5% per month or part on the fee for up to 6 months; 3% per month beyond 6 months (source: https://vasai.icai.org/resources/Utilities/Penalty_for_Late_Filing_in_ROC/Penalty_for_Late_Filing_in_ROC.aspx). Penalty under Sec 64(2): ₹500 a day, cap ₹5 lakh company and ₹1 lakh officer (source: https://vasai.icai.org/detail/17443.aspx).